Libardi Massimo. Franz Brentano (1838-1917). In The School of Franz Brentano. Edited by Albertazzi Liliana, Libardi Massimo, and Poli Roberto. Dordrecht: Kluwer 1996. pp. 25-79
Macnamara John, "Cognitive psychology and the rejection of Brentano," Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 23: 117-137 (1993).
Marras Ausonio, "The Scholastic roots of Brentano's conception of intentionality," Rassegna di Scienze Filosofiche 1: 213-226 (1974).
Reprinted in: Linda McAlister (ed.) - The philosophy of Brentano - pp. 128-139
Martin Wayne M., "Fichte's Logical Legacy: thetic judgment from the Wissenschaftslehre to Brentano," Fichte Studien (2009).
Not yet published; preprint available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~wmartin/FLL.pdf
"It is not usual to think of Fichte as a logician, nor indeed to think of him as leaving a legacy that shaped the subsequent history of symbolic logic. But I argue here that there is such a legacy, and that Fichte formulated an agenda in formal logic that his students (and their students in turn) used to spark a logical revolution. That revolution arguably reached its culmination in the logical writings of Franz Brentano, better known as a founding figure of the phenomenological movement. In logical writings that were published only posthumously, but that were fully elaborated in the decade prior to the publication of Frege's Begriffschrift, Brentano (together with his collaborator Anton Marty) developed a radically innovative logical calculus that was explicitly designed to overthrow the orthodox logical analysis of judgment and inference. At the center of this revolution was the notion of thetic judgment [thetische Urteil], a form of judgment upon which Fichte had insisted in the first published version of the Wissenschaftslehre, and which his students subsequently set out to accommodate within the framework provided by Kant's general logic. But thetic
judgment proved resistant to such assimilation, and it was left to Brentano to use the analysis of thetic judgment in his attempt to topple a long-standing logical tradition.
In what follows I reconstruct the main episodes in this century-long drama in the logical theory of judgment. My discussion is divided into four sections. I begin with a review of Fichte's most explicit call for logical revolution, together with his introduction of the notion of thetic judgment, set against the backdrop of an anomaly within Kant's logical commitments. In the second section I trace the logical treatment of this anomaly among Fichte's philosophical progeny, in particular Johann Friedrich Herbart and Moritz Drobisch. The third section explores Brentano's position, and his more radical solution to the anomaly bequeathed by Kant. In the final section I return to Fichte, to consider to what degree these subsequent developments remained faithful to the logical agenda Fichte had projected."
Mayer-Hillebrand Franziska, "Remarks concerning the interpretation of the philosophy of Franz Brentano. A reply to Dr. Srzednicki," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 23: 438-444 (1963).
Mayer-Hillebrand Franziska, "Franz Brentano Einfluss auf die Philosophie seiner Zeit und der Gegenwart," Revue Internationale de Philosophie 20: 373-394 (1966).
McAlister Linda Lopez, "Franz Brentano and intentional inexistence," Journal of History of Philosophy 8: 423-430 (1970).
McAlister Linda Lopez, "Chisholm and Brentano on intentionality," Review of Metaphysics 28: 328-338 (1975).
Reprinted in: Linda McAlister (ed.) - The philosophy of Brentano - pp. 151-159
McAlister Linda Lopez. The development of Franz Brentano's ethics. Amsterdam: Rodopi 1982.
McCormick Peter, "Sur le développement du concept de l'intentionnalité chez Brentano et Husserl," Philosophiques 8: 227-237 (1981).
Melandri Enzo, "The 'analogia entis' according to Franz Brentano: a speculative-grammatical analysis of Aristotle's 'Metaphysics'," Topoi 6: 51-58 (1987).
Melle Ullrich, "Zu Brentanos und Husserls Ethikansatz: Die analogie zwischen den Vernunftarten," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 1: 109-120 (1988).
Mezei Balasz and Smith Barry. The four phases of philosophy. Amsterdam: Rodopi 1998.
Mezei Balasz, "Brentano and Husserl on the history of philosophy," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 8: 81-94 (2000).
"A particular subject-matter in Franz Brentano's philosophy is his approach to the history of philosophy. I shall consider the evolution of his concept of the history of philosophy, the sources of this concept, and, finally, its relationship to Edmund Husserl's understanding of the history of philosophy. Brentano's scheme of the four phases of the history of philosophy can serve as a principle of evaluation of what comes after Brentano's era in the history of philosophy."
Modenato Francesca. Coscienza ed essere in Franz Brentano. Bologna: Patron 1979.
Mohanty Jitendra Nath. The concept of intentionality. St. Louis: Warren H. Green 1972.
Moore George Edward, "The origin of the knowledge of right and wrong," International Journal of Ethics 14: 115-123 (1903).
Reprinted in: Linda McAlister (ed.) - The philosophy of Brentano - pp. 176-181
Moran Dermot, "Brentano's thesis," Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 70: 1-27 (1996).
Moran Dermot, "Heidegger's critique of Husserl's and Brentano's accounts of intentionality," Inquiry 43: 39-65 (2000).
"Inspired by Aristotle, Franz Brentano revived the concept of intentionality to characterize the domain of mental phenomena studied by descriptive psychology. Edmund Husserl, while discarding much of Brentano's conceptual framework and presuppositions, located intentionality at the core of his science of pure consciousness (phenomenology). Martin Heidegger, Husserl's assistant from 1919 to 1923, dropped all reference to intentionality and consciousness in Being and Time (1927), and so appeared to break sharply with his avowed mentors, Brentano and Husserl. Some recent commentators have sided with Heidegger and have endorsed his critique of Husserl and Brentano as still caught up in epistemological, representationalist approaches to intentionality. I argue that Heidegger is developing Husserl, focusing in particular on the ontological dimension of intentionality, not reversing or abandoning his account. Heidegger's criticisms of representationalism merely repeat Husserl's. Furthermore, I argue that Husserl's account of cognitive intentionality, which recognizes the importance of the disinterested theoretical attitude for scientific knowledge, has been underestimated and misunderstood by Heidegger, who treats scientific cognition as a deficient form of practice. In short, Heidegger is more dependent on Husserl than he ever publicly acknowledged."
Morrison J.C., "Husserl and Brentano on intentionality," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 31: 27-46 (1971).
Morscher Edgar, "Brentano and his place in Austrian philosophy," Grazer Philosophische Studien 5: 1-10 (1978).
"The first part of this paper summarizes what I take to be the most important doctrines of Brentano's philosophy. The second part investigates the possible meanings of the term 'Austrian philosophy'. The third part attempts to say something about Brentano's place in Austrian philosophy -- whatever that may be --, while the fourth part focuses on a problem in which I am especially interested. The paper closes with a proposal for what the expression 'Austrian philosophy' could mean."
Mulligan Kevin and Smith Barry, "Franz Brentano on the ontology of mind," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 45: 627-644 (1985).
Münch Dieter. Brentanos Lehre von der intentionalen Inexistenz. In Von Bolzano zu Wittgenstein. Zur tradition der Österreichischen Philosophie. Edited by Nyiri Janós. Wien: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky 1986. pp. 119-127
Münch Dieter, "Die Einheit von Geist und Leib: Brentanos Habilitationsschrift über die Psychologie des aristoteles als Antwort auf Zeller," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 6: 125-144 (1996).
Münch Dieter, "Neues zum frühen Brentano," Grazer Philosophische Studien 67: 209-225 (2004).
Orth Ernst-Wolfgang, "Metaphysische Implikationen der Intentionalität: Trendelenburg, Lotze, Brentano," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 7: 15-30 (1997).
Parsons Charles. Brentano on judgement and truth. In The Cambridge Companion to Brentano. Edited by Jacquette Dale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004. pp. 168-196
Pasquerella Lynn, "Intensional logic and Brentano's non-propositional theory of judgement," Grazer Philosophische Studien 29: 117-119 (1987).
Pasquerella Lynn, "Brentano and the Direct Attribution Theory," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 1: 189-197 (1988).
"According to Brentano, what is characteristic of every mental act is the reference to something as an object. The exact nature of an object of our mental acts has, however, been first the subject of steady discussion in Brentano's writings and consecutively gave rise to controversy for contemporary philosophers of mind; e.g. Chisholm, Castañeda. What follows is an elucidation of the relationship between Brentano's final theory of sensation and its interpretation in Chisholm's Direct Attribution theory as a consideration of a recent challenge by Castañeda: that while the Brentanian-Chisholmian account is exemplary in dealing with tacit self-reference at the level of unreflective consciousness, this theory needs to be developed even further to be adequate to those cases of self-reference involved in reflective consciousness."
Pasquerella Lynn, "Kotarbinski and Brentano on truth," Topoi Supplement 4: 98-106 (1989).
Pasquerella Lynn, "Brentano and aesthetic intentions," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 4: 235-249 (1993).
"Brentano's philosophy of art, contained primarily in his book, Grundzuge der Ästhetik, is the result of an original theory of intrinsic value that was derived from Brentano's philosophical psychology. In his aesthetics, Brentano endeavored to find an objective ground for the value of aesthetic contemplation through his theory of the intentional objects of emotions and desires. The lack of attention Brentano's aesthetics has received is surprising, given that two of the many students Brentano influenced, Husserl (through the development of the phenomenological movement) and Ehrenfels (through the development of Gestalt psychology) have had an extraordinary influence on twentieth century perceptions of art. In this paper I will attempt to redress some of this neglect by outlining Brentano's analysis of aesthetic intentions and the relationship his aesthetics bears to his overall philosophical system."
Pasquerella Lynn, "Intentionality, phenomenology and sensation in Brentano," Southern Journal of Philosophy 40 (Supplement): 269-279 (2002).
Pavlik Jan, "Brentano's theory of intentionality," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 3: 63-70 (1991).
"Brentano's intentional psychology is an attempt at overcoming the Humean tradition characterized by probabilistic empirism, subjectivism and psychologism. Intentional psychology enables restoration of the autonomy of human psyche with reference to natural laws as well as overcoming the reduction of specific subject-object relations to object-object relations realized in associationist psychology. In contrast with speculative approaches of German classical philosophy, Brentano's theory enables empirical, non-metaphysical inquiry of subject-object relations."
Pietersma Henry, "Brentano's concept of the Evident," Analecta Husserliana 7: 235-244 (1978).
Poli Roberto, "Brentano and Freud," Topoi Supplement 4: 107-116 (1989).
Poli Roberto. Kotarbinski, Ajdukiewicz, Brentano: The dispute about Reism. In Polish scientific philosophy. The Lvov-Warsaw School. Edited by Coniglione Franco, Poli Roberto, and Wolenski Jan. Amsterdam: Rodopi 1993. pp. 339-354
Poli Roberto, "Ontologia e logica in Franz Brentano: giudizi categorici e giudizi tetici," Epistemologia 16: 39-76 (1993).
Poli Roberto. The dispute over reism: Kotarbinski - Ajdukiewicz - Brentano. In Polish scientific philosophy. The Lwow-Warsaw School. Edited by Coniglione Franco, Poli Roberto, and Wolenski Jan. Amsterdam: Rodopi 1993. pp.
Poli Roberto, "Towards a non-symbolic semantics," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 4: 221-234 (1993).
"Starting from some ideas proposed by Suszko, Brentano's non-propositional theory of judgement is considered. In order to clarify (some of) the formal and ontological aspects of his theory, the distinction between external (symbolic) and internal (non-symbolic) semantics is introduced and discussed."
Poli Roberto, "At the origins if analytic philosophy," Aletheia 6: 218-231 (1994).
Poli Roberto, "La teoria del giudizio di Franz Brentano e Anton Marty: giudizi tetici e giudizi doppi," Epistemologia 21: 41-59 (1998).
Poli Roberto, "Brentano in Italy," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 8: 233-257 (2000).
Poli Roberto. Approaching Brentano's theory of categories. In Phenomenology and analysis. Essays on Central European philosophy. Edited by Chrudzimski Arkadiusz and Huemer Wolfgang. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag 2004. pp. 285-322
Potrc Matjaz, "Grades of intentionality," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 3: 71-78 (1993).
"Intentional inexistence is to be understood via directedness to an internal object which may but needs not exist. As far as the relation to the object exists, it is infallible - contrary to the fallible directedness at an external object. Brentanian intentionality is based on the evidence, and does not allow for degrees. Brentano has been careful to delimit his project of "Psychognosie" from the physical and from the physiological. The thesis of intentional gradation is discussed, which allows for three degrees. The first form of intentionality involves simple tropisms. The second grade of intentionality is the one of generality, as opposed to specificity and particularity. The third intentional grade would enable directedness to the singular.
As human organisms only are able to entertain directedness to the singular, brentanian intentionality would fall under the second kind of directedness, the one involving generality. Supposition that this thesis is right might then lead to the question whether Brentano really described intentionality specific for human organisms."
Prechtl Peter, "Die Struktur der Intentionalität bei Brentano und Husserl," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 2: 117-130 (1989).
Rancurello Antos. A study of Franz Brentano. His psychological standpoint and his significance in the history of psychology. New York: Academic Press 1968.
Richardson Robert, "Brentano on intentional inexistence and the distinction between mental and physical phenomena," Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 65: 250-282 (1983).
Rojszczack Artur. From the act of judging to the sentence: the problem of truth bearers from Bolzano to Tarski. Dordrecht: Springer 2005.
Edited by Jan Wolenski
Rojszczak Artur, "Wharheit und Urteilsevidenz bei Franz Brentano," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 5: 187-218 (1994).
Rollinger Robin, "Husserl and Brentano on imagination," Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 75: 195-210 (1993).
Rollinger Robin. Husserl's position in the School of Brentano. Dordrecht: Kluwer 1999.
Rollinger Robin. Austrian theories of judgment: Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong, and Husserl. In Phenomenology and analysis. Essays on Central European philosophy. Edited by Chrudzimski Arkadiusz and Huemer Wolfgang. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag 2004. pp. 257-284
Rossi Guido. Giudizio e raziocinio. Studi sulla logica dei brentaniani. Milano: Sodalitas 1926.
Rothenberg Beno, "Studien zur Logik Franz Brentano's", 1962.
Inaugural Dissertation. University Frankfurt am Main
Runggaldier Edmund, "On the Scholastic or Aristotelian roots of 'Intentionality' in Brentano," Topoi 8: 97-103 (1989).
"The early Brentano identifies intentionality with "intentional inexistence", i.e., with a kind of indwelling of the intentional object in the mind. The latter concept cannot be grasped apart from its scholastic background and the Aristotelian-Thomistic doctrine of the multiple use of Being (to on legetai pollachos). The fact that Brentano abandoned the theory of the intentional inexistence in the course of time does not contradict the thesis that it is intentional inexistence and not the modern conception of reference or directedness to something other which comprises the essence of intentionality for the early Brentano."
Russo Antonio, "Franz Brentano e Heinrich Denifle: un carteggio inedito," Studium: 333-356 (2003).
Russo Antonio. La Scuola cattolica di Franz Brentano: Heinrich Suso Denifle. Trieste: EUT 2003.
Con un carteggio inedito F. Brentano - H. Denifle.
Sanford David. Chisholm on Brentano's thesis. In The philosophy of Roderick M. Chisholm. Edited by Hahn Lewis. Chicago: Open-Court Publishing Co. 1997. pp.
Sauer Werner, "Erneuerung der Philosophia Perennis: Über die ersten vier Habilitationsthesen Brentanos," Grazer Philosophische Studien 58/59: 119-150 (2000).
Sauer Werner, "Die Einheit der Intentionalitätskonzeption bei Brentano," Grazer Philosophische Studien 73: 1-26 (2006).
"The objective of this paper is to refute the widely held view that in the wake of his so-called reistic turn Brentano subjected his notion of intentionality to a deep-going revision, viz., that he turned from an ontological account of the intentional object by way of identifying it with the thought-of-thing, i.e., the intentional correlate, or by way of attributing to it a peculiar sort of existence, to a non-ontological account thereof. It will be shown that neither the pre-reistic Brentano espoused anything of an ontological account of the intentional object in that he both distinguished it sharply from the intentional correlate and definitely rejected the idea of there being different sorts of existence, and it will be argued that the apparently ineradicable inclination to ascribe to the pre-reistic Brentano an ontological account of the intentional object stems from ignoring the Aristotelian background of Brentano's thinking about relations."
Schuhmann Karl, "Die Einwirkung Brentanos auf die Mûnchener Phänomenologen," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 1: 97-107 (1988).
Schuhmann Karl, "Der Gegenstandsbegriff in Brentanos 'Psychognosie'," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 5: 167-176 (1994).
Sebestik Jan, "Bolzano et Brentano. Deux sources autrichiennes du Cercle de Vienne," Fundamenta Scientiae 5: 219-235 (1984).
Simons Peter, "A Brentanian basis for Lesniewskian logic," Logiquet et Analyse 27: 297-307 (1984).
Simons Peter, "Brentano's reform of logic," Topoi 6: 25-38 (1986).
Reprinted in: Peter Simons - Philosophy and logic in Central Europe from Bolzano to Tarski. Selected essays - Dodrecht, Kluwer 1992 pp. 41-69
Simons Peter, "Brentano's Theory of Categories: a critical reappraisal," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 1: 47-61 (1988).
"In his doctoral dissertation Von der mannigfachen Bedeutung des Seienden nach Aristoteles Brentano tried to show that (against criticism of this) one could indeed give a principle defense of Aristotle's table of categories as a coherent system. In later texts Brentano appears sharply critical of Aristotle, mainly in respect to Aristotle's mereology, or theory of part and whole, and to his theory of substance and accident.
It is argued that Brentano hadn't observed that Aristotle's belief that there are as many predicative senses of 'be' as there are categories of being is based not on his mereology but on his theory of definition. Overlooking this Brentano was led to far reaching inadequate ontological consequences."
Simons Peter and Wolenski Jan. De Veritate: Austro-Polish contributions to the theory of truth from Brentano to Tarski. In The Vienna Circle and the Lvov-Warsaw School. Edited by Szaniawski Klemens. Dordrecht:
Kluwer 1989. pp. 391-442
Simons Peter. Bolzano, Brentano and Meinong: three Austrian realists. In German philosophy since Kant. Edited by O'Hear Anthony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999. pp.
Simons Peter, "The four phases of philosophy: Brentano's theory and Austria's history," Monist 83: 68-88 (2000).
Simons Peter. Judging correctly: Brentano and the reform of elementary logic. In The Cambridge Companion to Brentano. Edited by Jacquette Dale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004. pp. 45-65
Smith Barry. Kafka and Brentano: a study in descriptive psychology. In Structure and Gestalt: philosophy and literature in Austria-Hungary and her successor states. Edited by Smith Barry. Amsterdam: Benjamins 1981. pp. 113-160
Smith Barry, "The substance of Brentano's ontology," Topoi 6: 39-49 (1987).
Smith Barry, "The soul and its parts. A Study in Aristotle and Brentano," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 1: 75-88 (1988).
"The attempt is made to show that the key for a correct interpretation of Brentano's writings can be derived from an examination of his very early dissertations. The overarching context of all Brentano's writings is the psychology of Aristotle and the ontology of material and immaterial substance that goes together therewith. The present remarks will accordingly consist in an account of Aristotle, and more specifically of Aristotle's conception of the soul, as reflected by Brentano in his Psychology of Aristotle, Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint and Descriptive Psychology."
Smith Barry, "The primacy of place: an investigation in Brentanian ontology," Topoi 8: 43-51 (1989).
Smith Barry. Brentano and Marty: an inquiry into being and truth. In Mind, meaning, and metaphysics: the philosophy and theory of language of Anton Marty. Edited by Mulligan Kevin. Dordrecht: Kluwer 1990. pp. 111-149
Smith Barry. On the phases of reism. In Kotarbinski: logic, semantics and ontology. Edited by Wolenski Jan. Dordrecht:
Kluwer 1990. pp. 137-184
Smith Barry, "The soul and its Parts II: Varieties of inexistence," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 4: 35-52 (1993).
"A Brentanian might criticize contemporary philosophy of mind on at least the following counts:
i.its taxonomy of types of mental act and state is too narrow (thus its repertoire consists, on many standard accounts, in little more than 'beliefs' and `desires');
ii.its treatment of mental acts and states is too slavishly oriented around linguistic factors (thus for example it is standardly suggested that the philosophy of mind is most properly concerned with the so-called 'propositional attitudes');
iii.its treatment of the temporal structures of mental acts and states is overly crude (thus in many standard accounts punctual and episodic acts are not distinguished from enduring states and dispositions);
iv.it presupposes an over-crude theory of the internal structures of mental acts and states and of the corresponding types of parts and unity.
It is with this last that we shall be principally concerned in what follows, and more precisely with Brentano's own account of the part-whole structures obtaining in the mental sphere."
Smith Barry. Austrian philosophy. The legacy of Franz Brentano. Chicago: Open Court 1994.
Smith Barry, "Boundaries: a Brentanian theory," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 8: 107-114 (2000).
"According to Brentano's theory of boundaries, no boundary can exist without being connected with a continuum. But there is no specifiable part of the continuum, and no point, which is such that we may say that it is the existence of that part or of that point which conditions the boundary. - An adequate theory of the continuum must now recognize that boundaries be boundaries only in certain directions and not in others. This leads to consequences in other areas, too."
Sorabji Richard, "From Aristotle to Brentano: the development of the concept of intentionality," Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy Supplementary volume: 227-259 (1991).
Spiegelberg Herbert, "Der Begriff der Intentionalität in der Scholastik bei Brentano und bei Husserl," Philosophische Hefte 5: 75-91 (1936).
Revised by the author and translated in: Linda McAlister (ed.) - The philosophy of Brentano - pp. 108-127
Spiegelberg Herbert. The phenomenological movement. A historical introduction. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1960.
Second revised edition 1978; Third expanded edition with the collaboration of Karl Schuhmann 1982.
Chapter I. Franz Brentano (1838-1917) forerunner of the phenomenological movement - pp. 27-50.
"Brentano's first concern in psychology was to find a characteristic which separates psychological from non-psychological or 'physical' phenomena. It was in connection with this attempt that he first developed his celebrated doctrine of intentionality as the decisive constituent of psychological phenomena. The sentence in which he introduces the term 'intentionality' is of such crucial importance that I shall render it here in literal translation: Every psychical phenomenon is characterized by what the Scholastics of the Middle Ages called the intentional (or sometimes the mental) inexistence of an object, and what we should like to call, although not quite unambiguously, the reference (Beziehung) to a content, the directedness (Richtung) toward an object (which in this context is not to be understood as something real) or the immanent-object quality (immanente Gegenständlichkeit). Each contains something as its object, though not each in the same manner. In the representation (Vorstellung) something is represented, in the judgment something is acknowledged or rejected, in desiring it is desired, etc. This intentional inexistence is peculiar alone to psychical phenomena. No physical phenomenon shows anything like it. And thus we can define psychical phenomena by saying that they are such phenomena as contain objects in themselves by way of intention (intentional). (1)Actually, this first characterization of the psychological phenomenon makes use of two phrases: 'intentional inexistence' and 'reference to a content.' It is the first of these phrases which has attracted most attention, and it has even given rise to the view, supported by both anti-scholastics and neo-scholastic critics, that this whole doctrine was nothing but a loan from medieval philosophy. While a quick reading of the passage may seem to confirm this view, it is nevertheless misleading. 'Intentional inexistence,' which literally implies the existence of an 'intentio' inside the intending being, as if imbedded in it, is indeed a Thomistic conception. But it is precisely this conception which Brentano himself did not share, or which in any case he abandoned, to the extent of finally even dropping the very term 'intentionality.' Thus, the second characterization of the psychic phenomenon, 'reference to an object,' is the more important and the only permanent one for Brentano; it is also the one listed exclusively in the Table of Contents, beginning with the first edition. What is more: as far as I can make out, this characterization is completely original with Brentano, except for whatever credit he himself generously extends to Aristotle for its 'first germs' in a rather minor passage of the Metaphysics (1021 a 29). It was certainly none of Brentano's doing that this new wholly unscholastic conception came to sail under the old flag of 'intentionality.' Reference to an object is thus the decisive and indispensable feature of anything that we consider psychical: No hearing without something heard, no believing without something believed, no hoping without something hoped, no striving without something striven for, no joy without something we feel joyous about, etc. Physical phenomena are characterized, by contrast, as lacking such references. It also becomes clear at this point that Brentano's psychological phenomena are always acts, taking this term in a very broad sense which comprises experiences of undergoing as well as of doing, states of consciousness as well as merely transitory processes. Here, then, Brentano for the first time uncovered a structure which was to become one of the basic patterns for all phenomenological analysis." pp. 36-37
(1) Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt I, Buch II, Kapitel I § 5 (pp. 125 f.; English translation p. 88).
Spiegelberg Herbert, "On the significance of the correspondence between Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl," Grazer Philosophische Studien 5: 95-116 (1978).
"This correspondence, still unpublished, extends over fourty years. Its significance is both biographical and philosophical. Biographically it shows Brentano's tolerant friendship for his emancipated student and Husserl's unwavering veneration for his only philosophical teacher. The philosophical issues taken up are Euclidean axiomatics, Husserl's departure from Brentano in the Logical Investigations by distinguishing two types of logic as the way out from psychologism, and the possibility of negative presentations, but not Husserl's new phenomenology. Few agreements are reached, but the dissents were clarified."
Spinicci Paolo, "Realtà e rappresentazione. Saggio sulla genesi della filosofia dell'esperienza nel pensiero di Franz Brentano," Rivista di Storia della Filosofia: 229-254 (1985).
Spinicci Paolo, "Brentano und Marty: Deskriptive Sprachanalyse und Casus-Theorien," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 2: 103-116 (1989).
Srzednicki Jan, "Remarks concerning the interpretation of the philosophy of Franz Brentano," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 22: 308-316 (1962).
Srzednicki Jan, "A reply to Professor F. Mayer-Hillebrand," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 23: 445-446 (1963).
Srzednicki Jan. Franz Brentano's analysis of truth. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff 1965.
Srzednicki Jan, "Some elements of Brentano's analysis of language and their ramifications," Revue Internationale de Philosophie 20: 434-445 (1966).
Tanasescu Ion, "Das Seiende als Wahres und das Sein der Kopula in der Dissertation Brentanos," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 10: 175-192 (2003).
Tegtmeier Erwin, "Individuation, identity and sameness. A comparison of Aristotle and Brentano," Topoi Supplement 4: 117-126 (1989).
Terrell Dailey Burnham, "Brentano's argument for Reismus," Revue Internationale de Philosophie 20: 446-459 (1966).
Reprinted with revisions, in: Linda McAlister - The philosophy of Brentano - pp. 204-212
Terrell Dailey Burnham, "Quantification and Brentano's logic," Grazer Philosophische Studien 5: 45-66 (1978).
"Brentano's innovations in logical theory are considered in the context of his descriptive psychology, with its distinction between differences in quality and in object of mental phenomena. Objections are raised to interpretations that depend on a parallel between Urteil and assertion of a proposition. A more appropriate parallel is drawn between the assertion as subject to description in a metalanguage and the Urteil as secondary object in inner perception. This parallel is then applied so as to suggest a reinterpretation of substitutional quantification, rendering the substitutional interpretation immune to problems that often arise as to the relation between substitutional range and referential range."
Terrell Dailey Burnham. Brentano's philosophy of mind. In Contemporary philosophy. A New survey - Vol. 4: Philosophy of mind. Edited by Fløistad Guttorm. The Hague: Nijhoff 1983. pp.
Textor Mark, "Brentano (and some neo-Brentanians) on inner consciousness," Dialectica: 411-432 (2006).
"Brentano's theory of inner consciousness has recently had a surprising comeback. However, it is still an open question how it is best understood. It is widely held that according to Brentano a mental act is conscious iff it is self-presenting. In contrast, I will argue that Brentano holds that a mental act x is conscious iff it is unified with an immediately evident cognition ('Erkenntnis') of x. If one understands Brentano's theory in this way, it promises to shed light on standard problems for theories of inner consciousness."
Thomasson Amie, "After Brentano: a one-level theory of consciousness," European Journal of Philosophy 8: 190-209 (2000).
Tomasi Pietro, "The unpublished "History of Philosophy" (1866-1867) by Franz Brentano," Axiomathes.An International Journal in Ontology and Cognitive Systems 17: 99-108 (2007).
"There are many difficulties with the existing interpretation of Brentano's works. The problem stems from the fact that Brentano's works, letters, manuscripts, memoir's, etc. remain unpublished or undiscovered. Moreover some Brentano's scholars, namely Kastil and Mayer-Hillebrandt, were incorrect in their method in publishing the philosopher's works. Namely, they misinterpreted his earlier works by incorporating numerous interpolations from different time periods as being the philosopher's final thoughts. More importantly, as evidenced by Antonio Russo's recent discovery, they also failed to realise the fact that Brentano's own theoretical views or works were mostly based on Aristotle and Thomas thoughts on metaphysics, that Brentano's main intention was to develop a scientific demonstration on this topic, and that this issue occupied his mind until his death.
It is hoped that this paper goes some way in resolving the said errors and coupled with the continue discovery of new material that the jigsaw of Brentano's works and thinking shall someday be correctly completed."
Valentine Elizabeth, "The relation of Brentano to British philosophy," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 10: 263-268 (2003).
Vallicella William, "Brentano on existence," History of Philosophy Quarterly 18: 311-327 (2001).
Van der Schaar Maria. Evidence and the Law of Excluded Middle: Brentano on truth. In The Logica Yearbook 1998. Prague: Filosofia 1999. pp. 110-120
Van der Schaar Maria, "Brentano on logic, truth and evidence," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 10: 119-150 (2003).
Vasyukov Vladimir L., "Antidiodorean logics and the Brentano-Husserl's conception of time," Axiomathes.An International Journal in Ontology and Cognitive Systems 4: 373-388 (1993).
Velarde-Mayol Victor. On Brentano. Belmont: Wadsworth 2002.
Volpi Franco, "The experience of temporal objects and the constitution of time-consciousness by Brentano," Topoi Supplement 4: 127-140 (1989).
Volpi Franco, "War Franz Brentano ein Aristoteliker? Zu Brentanos und Aristoteles' Auffassung der Psychologie als Wissenschaft," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 2: 13-29 (1989).
Weingartner Paul, "Brentano's criticism of the correspondence theory of truth and the principle 'Ens et verum convertuntur'," Grazer Philosophische Studien 5: 183-196 (1978).
"This paper investigates Brentano's criticism of the correspondence theory of truth within the context of a discussion of his ontological assumptions. Brentano's interpretation of the formula veritas est adaequatio rei et intellectus and of the principle ens et verum convertuntur is shown to fit into the history of these principles and into modern interpretations like that of Tarski."
Werle Josef, "Zur Edition der Vorlseungen Franz Brentanos über Geschichte der Philosophie," Phänomenologische Forschungen 12: 178-187 (1982).
Werle Josef. Franz Brentano und die Zukunft der Philosophie. Studien zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte und Wissenschaftssystematik im 19. Jahrhundert. Amsterdam: Rodopi 1989.
Werner Alfons. Die psychologisch-erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen der Metaphysik Franz Brentanos. Hildesheim: Borgmeyer 1930.
Wolenski Jan, "Brentano's criticism of the correspondence conception of truth and Tarski's semantic theory," Topoi 8: 105-110 (1989).
"This paper is a sequel to Simons and Wolenski [1989], which contains a short discussion of Brentano's arguments against the theory of truth based on the concept of a correspondence between truth-bearers and reality (or its appropriate portions). In that paper we attempt to show that Tarski's conception successfully meets Brentano's objections. l Here I should like to extend as well as, in some points, improve what we said in Simons and Wolenski [1989]. There are several reasons for doing this. First, the renaissance of Brentano's own philosophy and Brentanism in general requires that his arguments deserve considerable attention. Secondly, Brentano's arguments against the correspondence theory of truth have become part of philosophical folklore.
Thirdly, Tarski's semantic truth-definition, despite the reservations raised by several authors, is often considered as a possible modern interpretation of the classical theory of truth. Fourth, Tarski's theory of truth is deeply rooted in the Brentanian theoretical tradition, independent of Tarski's own philosophical consciousness.
It is further interesting to see how, if at all, his definition of truth is affected by critical arguments of his philosophical great-grandfather (via Twardowski, Łukasiewicz, Lesniewski and Kotarbinski)." (notes omitted)
Wolenski Jan, "Brentano, the univocality of thinking, 'something', and 'reism'," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 5: 149-166 (1994).
"Brentano's argument for reism from the univocality of 'thinking' is examined. Firstly, Brentano's original formulation is given. Secondly, comments on the argument made by Marty, Kamitz, Teller and Farias are summarized and briefly discussed. The univocality argument is then embedded into the frameworks of two logical systems: predicate calculus and Lesniewskian ontology; the latter system is shown as a more effective basis for reism than the former. Finally, it is argued that a distinction between formal-ontological reism and metaphysical reism should be made."
Wolenski Jan. Reism in the Brentanist tradition. In The School of Franz Brentano. Edited by Albertazzi Liliana, Libardi Massimo, and Poli Roberto. Dordrecht: Kluwer 1996. pp. 357-375
Wüstenburg Klaus. Die Konsequenz des Phänomenalismus. Erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchungen in kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit Hume, Brentano und Husserl. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 2004.
Zahavi Dan, "Back to Brentano?," Journal of Consciousness Studies 11: 66-87 (2004).
"For a couple of decades, higher-order theories of consciousness have enjoyed great popularity, but they have recently been met with growing dissatisfaction. Many have started to look elsewhere for viable alternatives, and within the last few years, quite a few have rediscovered Brentano. In this paper such a (neo-)Brentanian one-level account of consciousness will be outlined and discussed. It will be argued that it can contribute important insights to our understanding of the relation between consciousness and self- awareness, but it will also be argued that the account remains beset with some problems, and that it will ultimately make more sense to take a closer look at Sartre, Husserl, and Heidegger, if one is on the lookout for promising alternatives to the higher-order theories, than to return all the way to Brentano."
Zelaniec Wojciech, "Franz Brentano and the Principle of Individuation," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 6: 145-164 (1996).
"In this article I discuss a view on individuation exposed by Brentano in his Theory of Categories. According to this view, it is the spatial location of a physical thing that is its principle of individuation. I put forward hypotheses concerning the assumptions on the force of which Brentano might have arrived at this view. I also assess the `price' that has to be paid for making such assumptions."
Zelaniec Wojciech, "Disentanling Brentano: why did he get individuation wrong?," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 7: 455-463 (1997).
Zimmer Alf. On agents and objects: some remarks on Brentanian perception. In Consciousness, knowledge and truth. Edited by Poli Roberto. Dordrecht:
Kluwer 1993. pp. 93-112
Zingari Guido, "Brentano und Leibniz: Erkenntnistheoretische Grundlagen," Brentano Studien.Internationales Jahrbuch der Franz Brentano Forschung 2: 31-42 (1989).
(click on the image to see the PDF file)